viernes, 25 de agosto de 2017
Historia del Día del Trabajo en Estados Unidos
Labor Day o Día del Trabajo: ¿Por qué Estados Unidos lo celebra en septiembre?
0 0 0 0 por Redacción La Nota Latina , Septiembre 2, 2016
La celebración del Día del Trabajo o Labor Day en Estados Unidos, marca el fin del verano y se convierte para muchas familias en el pretexto ideal para realizar el último viaje de vacaciones o simplemente reunirse con familiares y amigos.
Casi todos los países del mundo celebran el 1° de mayo el Día del Trabajo o el Día Internacional de los Trabajadores, ya que conmemora el inicio de una huelga de obreros estadounidenses ocurrida en 1886 en demanda al respeto de la jornada de ocho horas, pero paradójicamente, en Estados Unidos, el Labor Day o Día del Trabajador se celebra en septiembre.
Después de la masacre de Haymarket en Chicago el 4 de mayo de 1886, el presidente estadounidense Grover Cleveland temía que se conmemora el Día del Trabajo el 1 de mayo porque podría convertirse en una oportunidad para glorificar a los mártires de Chicago. Por lo tanto, en 1887, el presidente Grover Cleveland estableció el Día del Trabajo en septiembre como feriado oficial en EE.UU.
Aunque fue declarado oficialmente festivo a partir de 1894, el primer desfile para celebrar este día se llevó a cabo en Nueva York el 5 de septiembre de 1882. El Día del Trabajo fue promovido por la Unión Central de Trabajo y los Caballeros del Trabajo, quien organizó el primer desfile en la ciudad de Nueva York. Aquel día, veinte mil trabajadores marcharon por las calles de Broadway portando carteles que decían: “El trabajo crea toda la riqueza” y “Ocho horas para trabajar, ocho horas para descansar, ocho horas para el ocio”.
El 28 de junio del año 1894, el Congreso aprobó un acto de hacer el primer lunes de septiembre de cada año un día festivo para celebrar el Labor Day o Día del Trabajo y está dedicado a festejar los logros sociales y económicos de los trabajadores norteamericanos y a “rendirles homenaje por su contribución a la prosperidad y el bienestar del país”, según se puede leer en la página del Departamento de Trabajo del gobierno estadounidense.
Existen algunas dudas en cuanto a quién propuso por primera vez el día de fiesta para los trabajadores. Algunos registros indican que Peter J. McGuire, secretario general de la Hermandad de Carpinteros y Ebanistas y cofundador de la Federación Americana del Trabajo, fue el primero en sugerir un día para honrar a los trabajadores. Otros sostienen que fue Matthew Maguire, un maquinista, quien propuso por primera vezel día de fiestamientras se desempeñaba comosecretario de laCLU(Central Labor Union) de NuevaYork.
La celebración del Día del Trabajo o Labor Day en Estados Unidos tradicionalmente marca el fin del verano convirtiéndose para muchas familias en el pretexto ideal para realizar el último viaje de vacaciones de la temporada o simplemente reunirse con familiares y amigos.
El Labor Day es una fiesta federal, por lo tanto escuelas, bancos y oficinas del gobierno se encuentran cerradas en este día. A menudo las familias salen de picnic, van a la playa, asisten a festivales de música, viajan, o aprovechan los grandes descuentos que se realizan en todas las tiendas de los Estados Unidos y también por la internet.
Copiado de: http://www.lanota-latina.com/labor-day-o-dia-del-trabajador-por-que-estados-unidos-lo-celebra-en-septiembre/
Por qué se celebra el Día del Trabajo o Labor Day
History of Labor Day
Labor Day: What it Means
Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of our country.
Labor Day Legislation
Through the years the nation gave increasing emphasis to Labor Day. The first governmental recognition came through municipal ordinances passed during 1885 and 1886. From these, a movement developed to secure state legislation. The first state bill was introduced into the New York legislature, but the first to become law was passed by Oregon on February 21, 1887. During the year four more states — Colorado, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York — created the Labor Day holiday by legislative enactment. By the end of the decade Connecticut, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania had followed suit. By 1894, 23 other states had adopted the holiday in honor of workers, and on June 28 of that year, Congress passed an act making the first Monday in September of each year a legal holiday in the District of Columbia and the territories.
Founder of Labor Day
More than 100 years after the first Labor Day observance, there is still some doubt as to who first proposed the holiday for workers.
Some records show that Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a cofounder of the American Federation of Labor, was first in suggesting a day to honor those "who from rude nature have delved and carved all the grandeur we behold."
But Peter McGuire's place in Labor Day history has not gone unchallenged. Many believe that Matthew Maguire, a machinist, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday. Recent research seems to support the contention that Matthew Maguire, later the secretary of Local 344 of the International Association of Machinists in Paterson, N.J., proposed the holiday in 1882 while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union in New York. What is clear is that the Central Labor Union adopted a Labor Day proposal and appointed a committee to plan a demonstration and picnic.
The First Labor Day
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883.
In 1884 the first Monday in September was selected as the holiday, as originally proposed, and the Central Labor Union urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a "workingmen's holiday" on that date. The idea spread with the growth of labor organizations, and in 1885 Labor Day was celebrated in many industrial centers of the country.
A Nationwide Holiday
Women's Auxiliary Typographical UnionThe form that the observance and celebration of Labor Day should take was outlined in the first proposal of the holiday — a street parade to exhibit to the public "the strength and esprit de corps of the trade and labor organizations" of the community, followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day. Speeches by prominent men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed upon the economic and civic significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday preceding Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
The character of the Labor Day celebration has undergone a change in recent years, especially in large industrial centers where mass displays and huge parades have proved a problem. This change, however, is more a shift in emphasis and medium of expression. Labor Day addresses by leading union officials, industrialists, educators, clerics and government officials are given wide coverage in newspapers, radio, and television.
The vital force of labor added materially to the highest standard of living and the greatest production the world has ever known and has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy. It is appropriate, therefore, that the nation pay tribute on Labor Day to the creator of so much of the nation's strength, freedom, and leadership — the American worker.
Copiado de: https://www.dol.gov/general/laborday/history
Labor Day: What it Means
Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of our country.
Labor Day Legislation
Through the years the nation gave increasing emphasis to Labor Day. The first governmental recognition came through municipal ordinances passed during 1885 and 1886. From these, a movement developed to secure state legislation. The first state bill was introduced into the New York legislature, but the first to become law was passed by Oregon on February 21, 1887. During the year four more states — Colorado, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York — created the Labor Day holiday by legislative enactment. By the end of the decade Connecticut, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania had followed suit. By 1894, 23 other states had adopted the holiday in honor of workers, and on June 28 of that year, Congress passed an act making the first Monday in September of each year a legal holiday in the District of Columbia and the territories.
Founder of Labor Day
More than 100 years after the first Labor Day observance, there is still some doubt as to who first proposed the holiday for workers.
Some records show that Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a cofounder of the American Federation of Labor, was first in suggesting a day to honor those "who from rude nature have delved and carved all the grandeur we behold."
But Peter McGuire's place in Labor Day history has not gone unchallenged. Many believe that Matthew Maguire, a machinist, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday. Recent research seems to support the contention that Matthew Maguire, later the secretary of Local 344 of the International Association of Machinists in Paterson, N.J., proposed the holiday in 1882 while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union in New York. What is clear is that the Central Labor Union adopted a Labor Day proposal and appointed a committee to plan a demonstration and picnic.
The First Labor Day
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883.
In 1884 the first Monday in September was selected as the holiday, as originally proposed, and the Central Labor Union urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a "workingmen's holiday" on that date. The idea spread with the growth of labor organizations, and in 1885 Labor Day was celebrated in many industrial centers of the country.
A Nationwide Holiday
Women's Auxiliary Typographical UnionThe form that the observance and celebration of Labor Day should take was outlined in the first proposal of the holiday — a street parade to exhibit to the public "the strength and esprit de corps of the trade and labor organizations" of the community, followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day. Speeches by prominent men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed upon the economic and civic significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday preceding Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
The character of the Labor Day celebration has undergone a change in recent years, especially in large industrial centers where mass displays and huge parades have proved a problem. This change, however, is more a shift in emphasis and medium of expression. Labor Day addresses by leading union officials, industrialists, educators, clerics and government officials are given wide coverage in newspapers, radio, and television.
The vital force of labor added materially to the highest standard of living and the greatest production the world has ever known and has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy. It is appropriate, therefore, that the nation pay tribute on Labor Day to the creator of so much of the nation's strength, freedom, and leadership — the American worker.
Copiado de: https://www.dol.gov/general/laborday/history
Suscribirse a:
Comentarios (Atom)